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Jeffrey Dean Ruff

District Court Judge, 17th Judicial District

Running in 2026: District Court Judge, 17th Judicial District (November 3)

Judicial performance evaluation, 2026

Commission recommendation: Meets performance standards (8–0) · 8 of 8 commissioners voted “meets”

The commission's narrative

The Seventeenth Judicial District Commission on Judicial Performance agrees by a vote of 8-0, with two commissioners absent, that Judge Jeffrey Dean Ruff MEETS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS .

Judge Ruff has spent 100% of his time on the bench in the past year on an exclusively criminal docket. The reviewed information confirmed that Judge Ruff is almost universally considered to be fair. His demeanor conveys his empathetic qualities, and he is praised as being kind and respectful of those who appear before him. He is diligent and well-prepared for proceedings in his courtroom. The Commission found these themes to be consistent with what Commission members observed and reported across evaluation methods.

For this evaluation, the Commission interviewed the judge, read and reviewed a selection of his legal opinions, observed the judge in court, and reviewed judicial performance survey reports submitted about him. The Commission also reviewed his self-evaluation and interviewed the district attorney and head of the public defender’s office for the district. There have been concerns over the past two years about the Judge’s case management. The Commission specifically considered this issue. It noted that while there are ongoing concerns about him timely and effectively managing his docket, his focus on improving has produced results which the Commission finds encouraging. Given that much of the criticism appears to be derived from open court proceedings, the Commission believes that ongoing efforts to balance fairness and giving litigants an opportunity to be heard with the need to efficiently manage court time will lead to even more positive improvement.

Judge Ruff was born and raised in Billings, Montana and attended the University of Montana where he obtained a B.A. in 1996 and his Juris Doctorate in 1999. He then moved to Colorado where he began his law practice until appointed to the District Court bench in 2024. Judge Ruff’s background includes working with organizations and individuals with substance abuse and mental health struggles, and with survivors of violence. Going forward he is seeking to find community service activities appropriate for a judicial officer, and the Commission supports his efforts in that regard.

1300 Broadway, Suite 220 Denver, Colorado 80203

(303) 928-7777

The evaluation on judicialperformance.colorado.gov · 2026 Retention Survey Report (PDF) · 2025 Interim Survey Report (PDF)

From the state's Office of Judicial Performance Evaluation. A commission of citizens, attorneys and non-attorneys for each judicial district (the state commission for appellate judges) reviews each judge standing for retention and finds that they meet, or do not meet, performance standards. Voters decide.

Personal Financial Disclosures

Income listed: up to $449,998; debts: up to $1,049,994 on their latest disclosure with entries: the top of each range they selected, added up (the form asks for ranges, not amounts; a range with no top counts at its figure).

StatementFiledWhat it lists
2026 Annual
District Court Judge
2026-03-022 income sources, 4 assets, 6 colorado property, 1 state-regulated businesses, 6 debts
2025
District Court Judge
2025-01-153 income sources, 2 sources of compensation, 5 assets, 3 colorado property, 2 state-regulated businesses, 6 debts

Findings

Context Late or missing

Their 2026 annual disclosure is dated March 2, 2026, after the January 10 deadline

As a judge, they file a disclosure by January 10 each year (January 10, 2026 was a Saturday, so we count January 12, 2026 as on time). The first we found for 2026 in TRACER's Document Search is dated March 2, 2026, 49 days after the deadline.

What to check
  • Whether they took office after January 10 that year (an appointment or a new judgeship).
  • The document's date in TRACER is the date it was received or entered.
Rule: An annual disclosure after January 10, or none found
“The following state officials must file a PFD by January 10th each year 24-6-202(1), C.R.S.”Form CPF-13 (Rev. 06/2026), instructions: Annual Filing Requirements ✓ quoted from the saved copy · how this rule works

Context Late or missing

Their 2025 annual disclosure is dated January 15, 2025, after the January 10 deadline

As a judge, they file a disclosure by January 10 each year. The first we found for 2025 in TRACER's Document Search is dated January 15, 2025, 5 days after the deadline.

What to check
  • Whether they took office after January 10 that year (an appointment or a new judgeship).
  • The document's date in TRACER is the date it was received or entered.
Rule: An annual disclosure after January 10, or none found
“The following state officials must file a PFD by January 10th each year 24-6-202(1), C.R.S.”Form CPF-13 (Rev. 06/2026), instructions: Annual Filing Requirements ✓ quoted from the saved copy · how this rule works